1. Background and objective. The lifecycle environmental impacts of electric cars are a topic of increasing controversy often originating from biased publications and misused reports. This report considers the life cycle performance of conventional and electric vehicles in Europe. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology, commonly used for
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method to assess the environmental burden in the life cycle of products, processes, or activities (Silvestri et al., 2020).Currently, LCA is widely used to evaluate environmental pollution and GHG emissions of various battery technologies, and they can be summarized as follows: (1) Comparing carbon emissions and environmental indicators between LIBs and other
The in-depth life cycle hotspot analysis from life cycle inventory data collection (Table 1) through to life cycle impact assessment (Figures 5-7) stresses the importance of consideration of life
Batteries have been extensively used in many applications; however, very little is explored regarding the possible environmental impacts for their whole life cycle, even though a lot of studies have been carried out for augmenting performance in many ways. This research paper addresses the environmental effects of two different types of batteries, lithium-ion (LiIo) and nickel-metal hydride
This paper presents the results of an environmental assessment of a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) Lithium-ion traction battery for Battery Electric Light-Duty Commercial Vehicles (BEV-LDCV) used for urban and regional freight haulage. A cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of NMC111 is provided, operation and end-of-life stages are included, and insight is also given into a Life Cycle
Majeau-Bettez, G.; Hawkins, T.R.; Str ømman, A.H. Life Cycle Environmental Assessment of Lithium-Ion and Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries for Plug-In Hybrid and Battery Electric V ehicles. Environ.
A. Cordoba-Arenas, S. Onori, Y. Guezennec and G. Rizzoni, Capacity and power fade cycle-life model for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle lithium-ion battery cells containing blended spinel and layered-oxide positive electrodes, J. Power Sources, 2015, 278, 473–483 CrossRef CAS.
The parametric life cycle inventory model is used to conduct distinct life cycle assessments (LCA) for each material value chain by varying the identified levers within defined engineering ranges. 570 distinct LCAs are conducted for the aluminum value chain, 450 for copper, 170 for graphite, 39 for lithium carbonate via spodumene, 20 for
This study aimed at a quantitative analysis of the material flows associated with End of Life (EoL) lithium-ion batteries’ (LIBs) materials in Europe. The European electric vehicles fleet in 2020 was taken as a case study, assuming a 10-year lifetime for the batteries and that the related EoL LIBs would be processed by existing recycling plants via pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, or their
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li ion battery life cycle assessment
